US International Student Numbers Hit Record High, Driven by OPT Growth

The United States hosted nearly 1.2 million international students in the 2024–25 academic year, the highest level on record, with growth driven mainly by a sharp rise in Optional Practical Training rather than increased enrolments.

Data from the Institute of International Education’s Open Doors Report, released in late 2025, show total international student numbers rose by 5% from the previous year. However, the number of students enrolled in US higher education remained largely unchanged at about 884,000.

New enrolments declined more noticeably. Around 277,000 international students began their studies in 2024–25, a fall of 7% compared with the previous year. The figures indicate a slowdown in the number of students entering US institutions, despite overall growth in the international student population.

The increase was largely accounted for by Optional Practical Training. More than 294,000 international graduates participated in OPT during the year, a rise of 21% year on year. The expansion reflects sustained demand for skilled graduates and the role of OPT in allowing students to gain work experience in the US after completing their degrees.

Indian students continued to make up the largest share of international participants in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. In 2024–25, Indian nationals accounted for 74.3% of all international STEM students, a slight decrease of 1.2% from the previous year. Within this group, 43% studied mathematics or computer science.

The concentration in STEM fields aligns with labour market trends. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that STEM occupations will grow by 8% between 2024 and 2034, compared with much slower growth in non-STEM roles. Median wages in STEM jobs are estimated at about US$104,000, more than double those in other sectors.

The data point to a widening gap between post-study participation and new student intake. While OPT continues to support international graduate retention, the decline in new enrolments raises questions about future inflows. Visa rules, competition from other destinations and cost considerations may be influencing student choices.